Description
Obesity is a complex health condition characterized by excessive body fat accumulation, typically measured using Body Mass Index (BMI). This disorder is rapidly growing worldwide, particularly in low and middle income countries, as well as newly industrialized nations. This global shift reflects changing dietary patterns and lifestyles across diverse geographical areas.
Obesity significantly increases the risk of developing various chronic diseases. It is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease, contributing to high blood pressure and elevated cholesterol levels. Excess body fat promotes insulin resistance, a key factor in type 2 diabetes. Obesity is also a major preventable cause of cancer and increases the risk of musculoskeletal disorders like arthritis. Additionally, it can negatively impact mental health, contributing to depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem.
Childhood obesity has become a global public health challenge, with affected school-age children and adolescents rising from 11 million to 124 million in just 40 years. It can lead to early onset of adult health problems and psychological issues.
